The Mind Psychology And Criminal Behavior - 2636 Words

All in the Mind: Psychology and Criminal Behavior Many people wonder why some people are able to do bad things, even when they know the consequences. To our normal brains there seems to be no reason for doing things like this. However, scientists have discovered that many criminal’s brains are not normal. Scientific studies show that a large majority of convicted criminals have some sort of psychological issue or problem in their brains, which has been shown to affect their behavior. To figure out who would be the most likely to do criminal acts in the first place, their brain must be analyzed to see if there are some early warning signs. One of the big ones is inherited psychological issues. Studies have shown that some psychological†¦show more content†¦These problems can start to appear any time in life, but most won’t develop fully until they are about adults. Each one can cause problems in normal brain function that can negatively affect their personality. One of the biggest and most dangerous problems is a condition called psychopathy, which can also be known as moral insanity. Wade E. Pricken describes this condition as â€Å"The psychopath was a person who wore a ‘mask of sanity,’ who outwardly appeared normal, charming, and gregarious, but whose behavior could be utterly destructive.† (Pricken 86). This means that people with this condition have no sense of morals or empathy to others. Everything else about them is normal, but they do not care for any other human except themselves. This can cause them to perform violent action against other, and have no guilt of any kind. Another large problem condition is called neurosis. This condition causes your mind to develop contradictions and defense mechanisms to justify your actions. You can be doing something bad, but your brain can convince itself that their is nothing wrong. It will also edit any thoughts coming into your brain so they will keep your brains logic the same. There are also several other conditions that can negatively affect someone s behavior. Some other big ones are schizophrenia: which causes split personalities and insanity, delusion: believing your actions are correct and everything else in wrong, paranoia: believing

The World As We Know It - 1508 Words

Miguel Vargas Mr. O’Neal English IV` 9 December 2015 The World As We Know It The greatest nation the world has ever seen the United States of America was a vast land made up of various Native American nations that originally had their own traditions and cultures. This so called new world was already inhabited by people already but the europeans saw them as just wanting to be ruled by other inferior nations. As time has told us again and again humanity does not like to be ruled by other people so by nature if we want freedom then we fight for it. Once independence was for Americans this nation had a foundation that was going to be built upon on even til this day. If you go back a couple hundred years ago and look at this nation s past, a large amount of indian tribes having to adapt and coexist with immigrants from around the world only to have malicious wars played out on this land then for americans to overcome overwhelming adversities and end up being the United States we know today is definitely something unexpected. When the spanish landed their ships on new found territory and set up Catholic Churches in Florida as well as the areas now known as New Mexico.(discovering mulitcultural america). Before arriving in what now is the u.s. the Spanish who have been coexisting with groups aside themselves for quite awhile, like the aztecs in Mexico. When they first arrived here they tried to bring some of their conventional diplomacy with them, soonShow MoreRelatedThe World As We Know Today1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn the world as we know today â€Å"humans† are transforming as we know it, the pure definition of what it is to be human can never have a true answer as humans are constantly evolving. Before taking ISP 255 I originally came in this class with the notion that being a human is the fact that we are bipedal and assume other different unique characteristics. However my views of this have changed since taking the class because my mind adapted new ideas and theories. Humans can be defined as many things asRead MoreThe World A s We Know It Is Ending Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe world as we know it is ending. We’re writing its future with man-made technology, but how does this affect the moral fiber connecting us? In technological advancement we, as a society, are presented with incredible ethical dilemmas. We use technology as a means to create the future, as it becomes more accessible, and we fall on ethics to predict and correct its advantages/disadvantages. Does the philosophical idea of morality, then, affect our advancement as a society? Exploring what we know aboutRead MoreOverpopulation and The End of the World as We Know It1988 Words   |  8 Pagestech production are expected to rise in developed countries. Unfortunately, future supply of these natural resources may not be able to meet the increasing demand (Supply and Demand, 2013). This essay aims to explain what things could happen to the world if the demand for natural resources becomes greater than its supply due to overpopula tion. Does overpopulation causes the demand for natural resources to be greater than the supply, and what things could happen as a consequence for this? Yes, overpopulationRead More Genetic Engineering and the End of the World As We Know It Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesIts The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine) --- From a Song by REM Having completed the Human Genome Project, scientists now seek to uncover the secrets of the human proteome (Begley 1). It is guesstimated that the proteome, meaning all the proteins, will involve up to 1000 times more data than the genome did. But this again brings us to the question: What will the scientific and medical communities do with all this information? deCode Genetics, partnered with Roche HoldingRead MoreHow World War II Has Affected the World as We Know It768 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War two was a massive war the was legitimately fought by every country in the world that matters. It was a blood bath, raging from europe all the way to Japan. All because of one man looking for revenge power and the glorification of not only himself but for his nation. Adolf Hitler wanted to restore his country from the terrible loses it had gained from the very destructive World War one. Adolf brought hope and happiness back to Germany, he was in the works of returning their once destroyedRead MoreHow Technology Has Shaped The World Of Business We Know Today Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Technology’s evolution has shaped the world of business we know today. It was absolutely necessary, just a few decades ago, to be present in a physical work place for one’s occupation; being if that occupation involved an office. Today, a company of two hundred people can be run from all remote locations. This is thanks to virtual teams, with the use of varying applications of course. According to Harvard Business Review, a â€Å"virtual team† is a team made up of members all in differentRead MoreDescartesArgument For Skepticism1120 Words   |  5 Pagesexternal world based on the possibility of dreaming. I will argue that Descartes’ argument for skepticism is flawed. In this essay I will explain Descartes’ argument, explain why Descartes’ argument is flawed, and consider an objection to my own argument. 1. Descartes’ Argument In order for Descartes to doubt the existence of the external world, he has to establish that he could be dreaming. In Descartes’ first meditation, he points out that our senses sometimes deceive us, and that we should notRead MoreMore on the Problem of the External World887 Words   |  4 PagesMore on the problem of the external world In his paper about the problem of the external world Stroud’s conclusion is that we can’t prove we are not dreaming. He takes as he calls it, a ‘sceptical’ standpoint by saying that there is not solution to the problem of the external world. There are two main objections to Stroud’s position towards the skeptics like Descartes. First, saying there is not solution to the problem of the external world is just as skeptic and it does not take us anywhere. SecondRead MoreIn this paper I will argue for an externalist view that I consider to be the strongest rebuttal to1200 Words   |  5 Pagesis important that we define skepticism and externalism. The type of skepticism that we will be discussing, is the view that we don’t know anything about the external world. That is, we dont have any prima facie justification or reason to believe anything about the external world. The skeptic argues that even if we think a belief is justified, its just an illusion. For example the skeptic might use the brain-in-a-vat argument which claims something like: (1) I don’t know that I’m not a brain-in-a-vatRead MoreBelonging: Understanding How We Grow to Relish Our Sense of Belonging941 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding How We Grow to Relish Our Sense of Belonging It is only once we leave the familiarity of our own world that we come to an appreciation and understanding of the importance of belonging, thats how the saying goes. But, is it actually true? Can we not define our sense of belonging until we have a longing for it? It is an interesting concept, especially in a world so threatened by images of the other, who threatens the ideology behind our group ideology. In a world that is not our own

Racism Anti-Semitism free essay sample

Racism is also a matter of group identity, with feelings of superiority, distinctiveness, entitlement to power and fear and suspicion of subordinate groups that vary in intensity among individuals. Modern concepts of race and racism originated during the era of slavery and colonialism beginning in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Early social sciences like anthropology and sociology operated on expressly racist assumptions about the superiority of whites or ‘Nordics’ and ‘Aryans’ which were not really challenged until after the Second World War with the rise of civil rights and anticolonial movements. These issues of segregation, caste systems and discrimination have by no means disappeared today, although they are far less potent at provoking mass social protest movements than they were forty or fifty years ago because of the ameliorative social reforms that have been put in place since that time. Part Two: Argument For most of American history dating back to the 17th Century, racism was simply a given both structurally and culturally, especially against blacks, Hispanics, Asians and Native Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism Anti-Semitism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 â€Å"an enormous challenge was raised to established systems of rule by racially defined social movements around the world† (Winant, 2000, p. 182). By the 1960s and 1970s these had demolished most of the old European empires as well as the racial caste system in the American South. Certainly this did not lead to the abolition of personal prejudice or feelings of superiority, since these were historically rooted and had always existed as a means of protecting â€Å"the integrity and the position of the dominant group†Ã¢â‚¬â€violently so in the American South (Blumer, 1999, p. 02). Massive institutional racism and structural inequalities still exist in the United States especially in housing, public education and the criminal justice system. In every urban area, the quality of education available to poor and minority students is demonstrably worse by any measure than that of their white peers in the suburbs. This type of institut ional discrimination is not caused by genetic or cultural deprivation but by the fact that the U. S. has always been and remains a highly segregated and unequal society based on race and social class. Of course, this violates the liberal, egalitarian and meritocratic ideals on which the nation was (supposedly), but after all, the U. S. managed to survive with slavery for almost a hundred years after its founding, and with legal segregation and disenfranchisement of blacks for a hundred years after that. Chicago, Detroit, East St. Louis, Camden, New Jersey all have crumbling public school systems serving mostly black and Hispanic students funded at levels far below those of white suburban districts. Ghetto neighborhoods also lack banks, supermarkets, parks and other public services, and have high levels of crime, gang activity, unemployment and drug dealing. Racial profiling against blacks, immigrants and minorities has always existed in the American criminal justice system, as has the belief that minorities in general and blacks in particular are always more likely to commit crimes. American society and its legal system were founded on white supremacy going back to the colonial period, and critical race criminology would always consider these historical factors as well as the legal means to counter them. From the 17th Century onward, Black Codes and slave patrols were used to control the black population, and keep them confined to farms and plantations. Blacks did not have the right to trial by jury or to testify against whites, and the law punished them with greater severity, particularly if they committed crimes against whites. This has not changed up to the present (Glover, 2009, p. 12). Even after the end of slavery, segregation and denial of black voting rights were considered ‘legal’ by state and local governments and upheld by Supreme Court decisions like Plessey v. Ferguson (1896). For the United States, â€Å"separate but equal† was the law of the land in many parts of the country until 1964, and while the separation by race was real equality certainly never existed (Glover, p. 14). Racial profiling is a new name for a very old practice in the United States, even though mainstream criminology rarely recognizes this fact. Racism has always been related to other social and economic problems, especially poverty, police brutality, social class and lack of economic and educational opportunities. From the early-1970s, poverty and inequality in wealth and incomes have also increased, and this affected blacks more than any other group. By 2000, 1% of the population had almost half of the wealth in the United States. Police abuse and violence in the segregated ghettos increased and was â€Å"disproportionately used against poor communities of color† (West, 1993, p. viii). Nearly 10% of young black men were in prison and 40% of black children lived in poverty, but this was hardly part of the national political agenda (West, p. 4). Blacks consumed about 12% of the drugs in the U. S. but were 70% of those convicted on drug charges (West, p. ii). They were also imprisoned all out of proportion to their actual numbers in the population. In the United States over 75% of blacks still live in segregated neighborhoods that are often crowded, dangerous, lacking in social services, employment and educational opportunities. In fact, these segregated areas are racially profiled and re dlined, not only by law enforcement but by banks, insurance companies and other businesses and government agencies. Police do not enforce civil rights and open housing laws in this country, nor do they protect blacks from violence and discrimination if they attempt to move into white areas. Segregation in residential and economic life â€Å"makes it difficult to solve other problems connected to poor communities, such as crime, violence, poor health, high mortality, and abandonment of houses†, all of which have worsen greatly in the current recession (Ihewulezi, 2008, p. 47). Blacks are 12% of the general population but over 40% of the prison population because of biased enforcement of the drug laws and the fact that they are at least 40 times more likely to be stopped and searched than whites. Black children are over nine times more likely to have a parent in prison than whites, and three times more likely to live in single-parent families, and the high number of these is one of the major reasons about half of them live in poverty (Ihewulezi, p. 43). Of the minority women in prison, over 80% are mothers, and their children often end up in foster care. Less than half of black single mothers receive child support â€Å"due to unemployment or the incarceration of the father of their children†, and this also means that a shortage of marriageable black males exists (Ihewulezi, p. 4). All of these factors together lead to higher levels of poverty among blacks, and a higher likelihood of being racially profiled by to police, and thus the cycle of poverty and crime continues. Part Three: Counter-Argument In the year of 1964, the Civil Rights Act became a marker of the legislation in the United States that suppressed the various forms of discrimination not only against Afric an Americans and women but the public schools in the Southern states and the abolishment of the Jim Crow segregation in hospitals, transportations and public facilities. Shortly thereafter the passing of the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965 to allow African Americans to register to vote, to include women, handicapped, Hispanics, Native Americans and members of other minority groups that had to grasp hold on the majority of their gains in spite of the conservative backlash of the last three decades. Although these acts were implemented, along with the First Reconstruction of 1867-77, they still did not cease the violence that the civil rights workers had to endure by the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), especially in the most southern states of Alabama and Mississippi. During the reconstruction era many black leaders gained their freedom before the Civil War and soon began to challenge their white employers, this too caused the KKK and other white supremacist organizations to target blacks; during this period 35 black officials were murdered. In the South blacks were kept as second-class citizens at the end of the First Reconstruction in 1877; the Second was never completely repealed by the reactionary and racist forces in the U. S.

The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us an Example by

The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us Introduction A vast number of people are both deterred and roused by the descriptions of hardhearted, conscienceless assassins that ever more occupy our movie theaters, television programs, and tabloid headlines. With their unashamed, against the law contravention of the rules of the society, serial killers such as Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy are amid the most striking exemplar of the psychopath. People who suffer from this disorder are completely conscious of the penalty of what they do and they also know the basic difference between what is right and what is wrong, but still they are horrifyingly self-interested, compassionless, and incapable to even bother about how the other people are feeling. Need essay sample on "The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab support:Who wants to write assignment for me?Essay writers recommend: Buy Essay Papers And Live Free From TroublesWriting Services Best Essay Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service Cheap Custom Writing Service Conceivably most fear-provoking, they frequently seem absolutely regular to unsuspicious targets, and they do not constantly practice their trade by assassination. Putting forward a persuasive representation of these treacherous men and women, Dr. Robert D. Hare vibrantly portrays a world of rip off artists, hustlers, rapists, as well as additional predators that appeal, lie, and maneuver their way all the way through life. Hence, the questions arise, are these people merely mad or are they simply bad? How can we distinguish them? What can we do to protect ourselves from them? The book under consideration clearly answers all of these questions by putting forward unyielding information and astonishing approaches for all those who wish to identify with this overwhelming situation. Dr. Hare, an accepted influence on the subject matter, pressures that just about a minuscule division of psychopaths are the aggressive ones who wind up in the jail. The other ones break away from castigation for the reason that they use deception and terrorization with the intention of getting what they desire. Yet the fact remains that each psychopath, including all of them such as those who go to jail or those who escape, leaves behind him a track of wrecked lives: sufferers, who have been mislead, mistreated, insolvent and cast off. Analysis As has been presented to us by the author of the book, psychopaths are public predators who appeal, maneuver, and mercilessly work their way throughout life, leaving an extensive shadow of wrecked hearts, devastated prospects, and unfilled wallets. Totally deficient in principles and in concern for others, they thoughtlessly take away whatever it is that they desire and do things the way they want to. In the book, Without Conscience Robert Hare squabbles persuasively that "psychopath" and "antisocial personality disorder", which is a psychiatric expression distinct by a bunch of illegal behaviors are two very opposite things. He believes that all psychopaths are not scandalous, while at the other hand, not all criminals can be termed as psychopaths. A psychopathic checklist has been presented by the author, which is inclusive of poignant/interpersonal qualities such as slickness, pretentiousness, lack of responsibility, and superficial emotions, in addition to societal deviance behav ior such as recklessness, lack of conscientiousness, and inconsiderate activities. As the author says, He will choose you, disarm you with his words, and control you with this presence. He will delight you with his wit and his plans. He will show you a good time, but you will always get the bill. He will smile and deceive you, and he will scare you with his eyes. And when he is through with you, and he will be through with you, he will desert you and take with him your innocence and your pride. You will be left much sadder but not a lot wiser, and for a long time you will wonder what happened and what you did wrong (Hare, 1999). The writing of the author is reasoned and exemplified with abundant stories. A number of messages have been put forward in the book. First of all, the author states that psychopaths are not made in our society but they are born this way. For this he presents stories about persons, who for no reason, considering that their environment was normal, start behaving in a disturbing yet harsh manner. From here on we gain three particular messages of Hare's book. First of all, the family od a psychopath should not let guilt take over their behavior. Instead, they should take steps to visit clinicians who are experts in this field, and if they find out that the person is a psychopath, then strategies and techniques to handle him should be considered. What he further tells us is that the character and actions of a psychopath do not usually change in any way as such, except for when they get old. In the final message the author tells us as to how we can protect ourselves protect ourselves from being victimized by psychopaths around us. He presents a series of ways that can be taken up by women, the elderly, the wealthy and the lonely people. He believes that one should be warned at hand so that we donot become their victims. Conclusion In the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that psychopaths do not care about anyone but themselves and this has been proved in the book namely Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us that was written by Robert Hare. He tells us how to identify them; save ourselves from them and that their families should not hold themselves as responsible. Bibliography Hare, R. (1999). Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN-10: 1572304510.

A Bear Hunt free essay sample

There is a light breeze in the air. I make my way up the cool metal ladder and place my 7mm MAG Ruger against the metal seat, with the crummy foam cushion. I pull the cold metal gun rail over my head and get situated for the long sit. It is the second day of bear hunting season. I sat for five hours. In that time, I saw six squirrels, three birds, and the trees swaying back and forth as the wind blew. But then, I saw a vast black blob crossing through the thick brush. â€Å"Finally!† I say to myself. The day continued to pass and so did bears, coming in to eat from the bait pile thirty yards from my tree stand. I never took a single shot. They didn’t seem worthy enough. The days following were also unsuccessful. Even though I did not succeed in bear hunting, I didn’t give up. We will write a custom essay sample on A Bear Hunt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bear hunting has taught me to be patient and to push through any obstacle that dares to hold me back. Every weekend—this September—I drove five hours to Florence, Wisconsin, with an open mind and overwhelming excitement. I want to major in Funeral Service. I want become a licensed Funeral Director in the state of Wisconsin. I have never been more motivated or passionate about choosing a career. There is something about the human body that fascinates me. I can’t explain my exact reasoning behind my career choice, but I know I enjoy serving and helping others. In funeral directing, as in hunting, patience, work ethic, and compassion are necessary to success. And I will not quit on hunting—or my career goals—because of a few terrible days of sitting in silent, cold woods.

ground level ozone regulations essays

ground level ozone regulations essays What: In 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) established new ozone standards. The EPA also placed special restrictions on twenty-two states in the Ohio Valley and Midwest regions to prevent emissions from coal-burning power plants from being carried into the New England States by wind currents. (Tennessee is one of these twenty-two states.) Both of these rulings were recently either struck down or placed on hold by Why: The regulations put into place in 1997 by the EPA were more restrictive than the 1990 standards. The regulations limit the amount of ground level ozone and fine particle pollution permitted. Ground level ozone is produced by nitrogen oxide(NOx) which is created by burning fossil fuels. Since gasoline and diesel are both fossil fuels, then NOx is a major component of automobile emissions. Several members of the trucking and fossil fuel industries, as well as members of the twenty-two state region, have challenged the regulations in Federal Court and have been successful in blocking the implementation of the new rules. In the past two months, two separate Federal Court Of Appeals panels have ruled that the EPAs authority to establish clean air standards is not properly delegated by Congress under the Clean Air Act. Therefore, since the EPA is a part of the Executive branch of government and not the Legislative, they have no authority to produce regulations on their own. The plaintiffs in the case also argued that the amount of pollution a person can tolerate has not been established and until it is the EPA should not make the current regulations more restrictive. How: The main actors in this event are the American Trucking Associations and their fellow plaintiffs, the twenty-two state coalition, the EPA, and the Federal Appeals Court. Why would the American Trucking Associations and other fossil fuel burning industries want to...

Information Technology and Social Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Technology and Social Trends - Essay Example Project can broadly be defined as a specific time bound work with specific objectives and goals; budget; and resources (Reynolds, 2010). Project management helps provide the tools to achieve project goals through well planned strategy. It normally encompasses essential steps like: feasibility study of the project; project development; production and implementation process; monitoring and control mechanisms; and successful completion that leads to the smooth running of the project. Thus, effective management of project is critical to the successful delivery of its goals and objectives within the limited resources of time, budget and human capital. The Project Manager helps coordinate the various team issues of the project, which are vital part of project dynamics that facilitate wider understanding and promote improvement and improvisation of the process to achieve project goals and objectives more efficiently. ‘Access to information represents the basic precondition for success of a firm’ (Drucker, 1998). The access to information becomes vital to only promote efficient and knowledge based discharge of duties by the team but also a great tool for the management to exploit the available information to improve its performance. Hence, Information System Development helps in storing and manipulating strategic business information that are designed to improve the overall business prospects. The proficiency in using computers greatly facilitates the project manager to tacitly exploit data to identify the risks and shortcoming so that they can be addressed timely. When IT system is introduced, training on the use of hardware and software becomes intrinsic part of implementation. Barton emphasizes that ‘hands on real time interaction with the new system†¦ with a more broad based understanding of the flow of information through the system’ is needed (Barton, 2001). TQM promotes quality assurance at various levels of project processes

Company Analysis and Valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company Analysis and Valuation - Essay Example This will be done by comparing the financial ratios to other companies within the same industry so as to get a feel for the true or normal performance of the company. Finally, the report will use the valuation models in trying to compute the intrinsic value of the company and then compares it with the current value of the company to decide if this stock is overvalued or undervalued. Ratio analysis refers to the systematic use of ratios to interpret a company’s financial statements in order to determine its weaknesses and strengths, financial health as well as its current performance and historical performance. The profitability ratios of Masraf Al-Rayan have been fluctuating, however, they shows an upward trend from 2012 implying that the profitability of the company has been increasing over the period. The net profit margin and ROA are relatively equal to the industry average value indicating that the company has the same profitability as other firms in the industry. However, other firms gives their shareholders more returns that Masraf Al-Rayan because their average ROE is higher than that of the firm. Management efficiency ratios indicates how well a firm is managing its liabilities and how effectively it is utilizing its assets. Efficiency ratios indicates the efficiency with which the assets of the company are working to generate sales revenue or income (Kapil, 2011). The company’s management efficiency ratios have been fluctuating throughout the period implying that Masraf-Al-Rayan’s efficiency has been changing over the period. In comparison to the industry average, the Company’s efficiency ratios are lower; this indicates that the company is relatively less efficient than other firms in the industry. The company’s leverage ratios have been fluctuating throughout the period implying that Masraf-Al-Rayan’s solvency has been changing over the period. From the ratios, the company is highly leveraged

Chinese Business Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Business Culture - Essay Example Accordingly, business culture of a particular country can be defined as a specific way of business relations existing between the members of a company influenced by national cultural values and norms. National Influences Chinese business culture includes both conscious and unconscious national values, ideas, attitudes and symbols that shape employees behavior. The combination of Chinese language and religion creates a unique culture and traditions. At its deepest level, however, chinese business culture comprises a set of basic assumptions that operate automatically to enable groups of people to solve the problems of daily life without thinking about them. In this way, business culture is that which causes one group of people to act collectively in a way that is different from another group of people. Chinese business culture is influened by religious traditions including Taoism and Buddhism (Kenna, Lacy, 1994). Language Language plays a dominant role in every culture as the main tool of communication. Language can be divided into spoken or verbal language and non-verbal language, which includes communication through gestures, touching and other forms of body language that supplement spoken communication. The official language in China is Chinese, but it has verious variation and dialects. Mandarin is the official spoken standard of language, but the variety of dialects (Shanghaiese and Cantonese) creates a difficulty to communicate with firms in different parts of the country. In many cases, the official language of business negotiations is English, but it is highly recommended for businessmen to find an interpreter in order to understand subtle nuances of everything during meetings. For instance, "without special study of Cantonese someone from Beijing cannot understand residents of Guangdong or neighboring Hong Kong" (Business Culture throughout China, 2005). It is important to note that Chinese businessmen rely on subjective feelings in forming opinions and solving problems, and a message or speech should be very concise and laconic. Manners Collectivism is a remarkable feature of Chinese business culture which has a great influence on manners and personal relations. High individualism is a general aspect of culture in the United States and Europe; low individualism is characteristic of a Chinese culture pattern. It includes extreme respect for age and hierarchy. The delegation of power is very limited with most power holds by managing directors. The manners of Chinese businessmen are based on the Confucian concept of the Superior man. "Such rituals prescribe how the Superior man should behave when dealing with other people (as a means of exercising self-control by directing his emotions in the right direction (Williamson, 2003, p. 5). Face Expression or "Mian-zi" Some implications of 'face' for expatriate managers include the need for extreme caution and reflection in Chinese business communication. 'Face' can be put to good effect through displays of public recognition for exemplary accomplishments at work and more generally in the design of effective reward systems. Loss of self-control by a businessman through displays of anger and threats signal weakness and contributes to a loss of 'face' (Seligman, 1999). Gestures Because of differences in traditions, customs, religions and related cultural features of a society, extreme care should be taken in selecting gestures that can convey

Business Environments And Companies

Business Environments And Companies The relationship between business environment and companies is very significant. The companies could be affected by external and internal environment. When the current economy is in bloom, how a company grabs the chance and stands on leadership. Contrarily, what if the economy is fading, how companies can survive from it, even make higher profits than before. Although the good economy situation can inspire companies to be successful easier, but it is not the only factor to operate business, it is more rather to take integrated strategies and analysis. For examples, five forces model and balanced scorecard are useful for companies to deal with the unexpected change of business environment to improve the business performance. In this Study, researcher will discuss the critical points of how companies deal with the economy both bloom and crisis. In addition, selected companies will be the major to discuss. External and Internal Environment External environment has effect on companies performance. Companies must develop the skills required on to identify opportunities and threats existing in external environment. It is challenging and complex. There are three major parts in external environment: The general environment has six segments: demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological, and global. In terms of economic segment, according to Hoskisson, the economic environment refers to the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm competes or may compete ( Hoskisson, 2005) There are five aspects could be affected by Economic factor, which are income, inflation, recession, interest rate, exchange rate, moreover, there are also four major elements that affect business environment. The elements are economic growth, the business cycle, employment and unemployment. However, economic factors are the main elements that affect financial matters of a business like interest rates, tax and stock markets. While the economy is growing, it could be a critical effect for companys success, but it not the only reason for company to succeed. The marketing department of a company is doing market research, market analysis, market strategy, and sales. It should focus on the economic situation whether the demand, prices and sales are going to be affected or not in current and future. Analyzing economic plays a very important role in determining actions a firm should take. So growth economy is good for companies success. In the time of economic growth when demand and sales increase, unemployment falls, and production goes up. Companies would consider how to accommodate these changes and adjust production and sales strategy as well as prices accordingly. For example, if peoples income increase, customer are willing to buy products. The total demand from customers rises. Then the companies will increase its production .This will lead an increase number of the sales of companies. Companies earn mor e profit. But on the other side, during the economic growing time, because of the increase of peoples income, the unemployment decrease and firms are in need of more workers. Trying to find employees become more difficult. Companies should provide develop and foster programs aimed at increasing employee satisfaction retain its workers. Then companies have to make additional efforts in recruitment in order to get labor. The taxation can affect the business because companies have to pay tax to the government on the energy they are using or have to pay some profit that they make to the government as tax. Interest rates are charged on every loan that a business takes from the bank. This can affect a business because if they keep on borrowing the loan they would have to pay extra money back to the bank this can affect a business in making profit. So the growth economic has double influence for success of business. When economic growth is becoming slow or inflation, the demand and sales are falling. Company will try to cut production and selling costs. When unemployment rate is rising, companies must deal with issues associated with lying off firms employees. The human resource department of companies should take necessary actions to make this process less painful and less problematic as possible for both the company and its employees. In difficult times, for examples, GFC, wars, terrorism and government instability are the main elements in influencing on business. Business may have more threats if there is a war. It is a warming sign if companies receive threat realized. It could make companies to be unable to pay full salaries, which means employees would default on mortgage and debit payments, triggering a meltdown in the lending and retail sectors and ripples out into wider economic disruption. Terrorism affects can be far reaching into commerce and trade, reaching businesses like communica tion systems, the Internet, medical systems like hospitals, as well as trade and transportation.It does not seem entirely farfetched to imagine that in some instances, barriers meant to safeguard populations from terrorism would actually amplify the risk: poor countries that might have to slow exports because of the cost of security measures are at risk, because of the effects of poverty, of political destabilization and rad.The party in government has a large say in what happens in the economy. If they put up taxes, then the disposable incomes of people tends to go down. With a reduction in income, people tend to be more cautious about how they spend their money. Industries are populated with different strategic groups and industry environment has direct effect on the firms strategic actions. Its competitive actions and competitive responses: the threat of new entrants, the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, the threat of product substitutes and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. This is Porters five forces of competition model. In total the interactions among these five forces determine an industry where an industrys profit potential. The greater a firms capacity to favorably influence its industry environment, the greater is the likelihood that the firm will earn above-average returns. The last part of the external environment is competitor environment. Competitor analysis focuses on each company against which a firm directly competes. Crucial to an effective competitor analysis is gathering data and information that can help the firm understand its competitors intentions and the strategic implications resulting from them. It informs the firm about the future objectives, current strategies , assumptions, and capabilities of the companies with whom it compete directly. Internal environment The final step of the Environmental Analysis is internal environment. It consists of identifying resources and capabilities (in the form of the value chain), finding competencies, and determining what competitive advantages (hopefully sustainable) the organization has. The internal environmental assessment, along with the external evaluation (macro and micro environment) already completed will provide all the information needed for the final SWOT Analysis.Resources, capabilities, and competencies should be evaluated with respect to goals, strategy, and the vision statement of the organization. RESOURCES Resources can simply divide into two parts, tangible and intangible. For example: tangible resources: financial, organizational, physical, and technological resources; intangible resources: human, innovation, and reputational resources. CAPABILITIES Capabilities are the firms capacity to deploy resources that have been purposely integrated to achieve a desired end state. There is a method to evaluate the firms capabilities. (figure is below)INBOUND LOGISTICS Inbound logistics covers everything that has to do with the obtaining, purchasing, storing, distributing (internally), and managing raw inputs, components, materials, and services. OPERATIONS Operations consist of all the processes, assets, and costs of turning raw materials into a final product or service. Facilities (and maintenance), workers, designers, quality assurance, environmental protection, equipment, and assembly processes would be included in the evaluation of Operations OUTBOUND LOGISTICS Outbound logistics encompasses all of the resources, capabilities, and processes required to distribute the final product or service. Examples of outbound logistic items are warehousing, packaging, shipping, delivery vehicles (and maintenance), order picking, finished goods inventory control, distributor and customer supply chain management (CRM customer relationship management). SALES AND MARKETING Sales and Marketing is considered everything associated with marketing the product or service. The sales force, personal selling, advertising, promotion, market research, web site, and dealer or distributor support are a few examples of Sales and Marketing. SERVICE Service is associated with providing assistance to the customer. Some Service examples are installation, warranty work, maintenance, complaints, questions, repair, and technical assistance. COMPETENCIES Competencies are accomplished by evaluating the organizations resources and capabilities and benchmarking. Benchmarking may be done on several levels: industry, primary competition, and prior performance. Although the book focuses primarily on cost, benchmarking may also be accessed through efficiency and effectiveness. Some examples of efficiency benchmarking might be number of defective widgets produced; hours of downtime for machine X; or number of days from sale to delivery. Efficiency types of measures should be used in conjunction with standard financial measures of benchmarking such as days in inventory or asset turnover ratios. Finally, compare the organizations RCCs (especially the competencies) to the competition or industry. Make a note of those competencies in which the organization has an advantage over the industry or competition these are most likely the core competencies and competitive advantage. Cases analysis ( DELL, Apple and Intel ) DELL- The Five Forces Models The five forces model is developed by Michael Porter whom is a Harvard professor and called the godfather of contemporary strategic management. The five forces model is a strategic analysis tool, and the five forces which are following: bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes and rivalry among competitors. The way to apply the five forces model on a retail business is easy, simply considering each one of these five forces individually as they exist in the external environment. In terms of Dell, Dell Computer Corporation, established in October 1987, and it is defined as a computer systems company and a provider of computing products and services. Dells primary product provides enterprise systems, desktop computers and laptop computer systems. Dell also markets and sells Dell/EMC storage products under a long-term strategic relationship with EMC Corporation The Company provides targeted services for consulting, deployment and support, as well as an extensive selection of peripheral hardware, including hand-held products, and computing software. The Company conducts operations worldwide through wholly owned subsidiaries. Sales outside the United States accounted for approximately 35% of the Companys revenues during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2002 (fiscal 2002). Bargaining power of suppliers Large number of suppliers for components like hardware, keyboards, etc. But two major inputs are monopolized Microsoft standard for all PCs Intel standard for most PCs .High switching costs. Dell known for low cost and best quality computer, laptop and server manufacturer in the industry. The key behind dell success is maintaining better relationship and collaboration with the supplier of computer hardware and software Bargaining power of buyers Highly price sensitive. Reliability and customer service become important factors. Dells products are very reliable and customer service is outstanding. These two factors help Dell to create certain brand royalty. But thats given the fact that the Company set the prices very low. If the prices are raised too high, customers will not hesitate to switch. Threat of new entrants The level of threat of new entrants of Dell is moderate. And the reasons for Dell are low capital investment for independent stores, and low product differentiation, brand name may be a barrier to entry, low economies of scale, no legal or governmental barriers, and decreasing profitability indicates that there is a threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes In U.S.A, computer is a main device in daily life, it is almost one computer for every three people there. And the only substitute for PC is Apple Computer. However, the higher price and lack of software support prevent people from switching to Apple system. Competitive rivalry within an industry the main points of the competitive environment within this industry are high concentration price war, low margin, decreasing profitability, and Low differentiation. For example, Dell.com offers computers and laptops of high quality at low prices as compared to the competitors. EBay.com is a place where people like to go to purchase products online at low price However, in the midst of sever competition, Dell can still grow his market share in this campaign. That is a proof of Dells business strategies has been successful. Apple- The Five Forces Models Apple Inc. (previously Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American corporation that designs and markets personal computers, computer software, computer system, and personal eletronic device. The most popular products of Apple Inc. include Mac personal computers, iPod, iPhone and iPad. Apple software includes the Mac OS X operating system. August 2010, the company operates 301 retail stores within ten countries, and an online store where hardware and software products are sold. As of May 2010, Apple is one of the largest companies in the world and the most valuable technology company in the world, even having surpassed Microsoft. In terms of five forces model, there are 2 main points need to be discuss Threats of substitutes Apples entertainment products have face the threats of substitutes. For examples, satellite radio for music (XM, Sirius), entertainment media, media and music (XBOX, PS2), alternative means to acquire music (Music CDs, DVDs), alternative sources for videos (Cable, Broadcast, Theatres) Competitive rivalry within an industry Apples main products are in an extremely competitive war. For example, Windows OS and media player for playing music and video ( Microsoft), the Linux also treat Mac OS X as his main Competitor, alternate sources of computer hardware (Dell, HP, Lenovo), small stylish MP3 players (Creative, Samsung, Sony), and online music stores similar to itunes stores (Napster) However, the products Apple sells and the services Apple offers are not the best in this industry, but they are always standing on the first place. The main reason for Apple could be Marketing, Apple always knows how to get customers, even their products and services in technological aspect are not the best, but they know what customers want and need, and focus on it. Intel -Balanced Scorecard analysis The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is utilized in organization, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, in order to improve internal and external communications, and monitor business performance against strategic goals. It was developed by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton.The balanced scorecard has evolved from its early utilise as a simple performance measurement framework to a full strategic planning and In terms of Intel, Intel Corporation is an US global technology company and the worlds largest semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation.It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers. The company is located in Santa Clara,California, USA. Intel also makes flash memory, network motherboard chipsets and graphic chips, and other devices related to communications and computing. Financial perspective A technology company that excels in many operational disciplines can still struggle if its product development decisions are flawed. Product management decisions within technology companies need to be based in part on the estimated and measured return on product development expense. A clear, consistent practice for analyzing RoI and applying it in decision making must be driven vertically and horizontally throughout the organization. Such a practice is an inherent requirement to realizing consistent decision making and communicating product investment decisions Customer perspective Technology customers will typically have strong belief systems underpinning what supplier they do business with and what products/services they purchase. They require the ability to interact with the suppliers organization, and will grade the supplier on how successful those interactions are. Its of strategic importance that customer facing personnel, and those in support roles, place a priority on that customer interaction consistently being a positive one Internal business process Assessing, re-assessing and re-re-assessing market demand is imperative. The trend for increasing rate of change in technology markets has no end in sight. A technology company cannot rely on one market assessment at one point in time to guide project priorities. Market assessment needs to be continuous. Learning and growth As stated earlier, the path to marketplace disruption begins with the introduction of enabling technologies. There are many paths to obtaining such enabling technologies, which do not require the risk and expense of basic research and development. Yet, for the technology company to be a leader, its of strategic importance to continually lead in the identification and application of technologies that enable use models and workflows in the marketplace. Conclusion To sum up, the economy is unexpected changeable, while the economy is in good time plus company continuously takes the right strategies, it could be easier for company to succeed in their own business adventure. What if the economy is falling? Companies still need to have the correct strategies operating in their business to avoid the failure, even take the critical time to gain more market share in order to make more profits. According to the examples and cases which are all above in previous chapters, Researcher would like to say that take better strategies can always make companies running on the right track, even shrink the loss in bad economy time.

Adultery In The Military :: Free Essay Writer

Adultery Debated Issue In Military   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1995 Lieutenant Kelly Flinn became the United States’ first female B-52 Bomber pilot. One year later Lt. Flinn began a relationship with a man who was legally separated from his wife with a divorce pending. Eventually Lt. Flinn fell in love with the man and the Air Force charged her with adultery. The charges against Lt. Flinn left her facing dismissal from the military and the possibility of serving up to nine-and-a-half years in prison. In military trials a panel of six military officials decide one’s fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Air Force went public and told reporters about the decision to court-martial her, Lt. Flinn’s family contended that the matter could have been handled differently because other officers in similar situations had received counseling and fines. However, Lt. Flinn’s family also decided to go public. Finally, Lt. Flinn told her story and it was apparent that publicity efforts were helping her. When Senator Slade Gorton(R-Washington) questioned the Air Force’s handling of the case other congressional members joined in to defend Lt. Flinn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The case was taken up with the Defense Secretary William Cohen. After a negative public reaction, Air Force Secretary Sheila Widnall considered granting Lt. Flinn an honorable discharge if she resigned. Because the likelihood of receiving a prison sentence was clear to her, Lt. Flinn resigned. In the end Secretary Widnall announced that she was only granting Lt. Flinn a general discharge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been many responses and public opinions over the issues of military standards. Some say that the armed forces must uphold rigid standards while others are commenting that moral standards for members of the armed forces should not be higher than those for civilians. It is unfair to require the armed forces to be a repository of moral values for the nation. Manuel Davenport contends that â€Å" the military must be better because it deals with matters of life and death.

Femininity In “Dracula” Essay

Many critics and literary analysts believe that femininity or to some extent metamorphosis of women constitutes the central theme of Stoker’s â€Å"Dracula. † For instance, Kline explains that femininity occurs in two ways: first by the transformation of the â€Å"good† English women into sexually or intellectually challenging New Women, and then again when their â€Å"potentially revolutionary attributes †¦ are destroyed, one way or another† either through death, as seen with Lucy, or reduction to a silent (and therefore no longer intellectually challenging) inspirational figure, as occurs with Mina (Kline, 144). Explaining the idea behind women in Dracula Stoker argues that â€Å"†¦for women to deny their traditional role was to deny their womanhood, to challenge the distinctions between women and men upon which the family ~ and therefore society — depended† (Stoker, 206). Stoker’s â€Å"Dracula† addresses these concerns regarding femininity as outlined by Stoker and Kline, and contains examples of it, through the â€Å"brute force† and â€Å"sexual wantonness† of the vampire women that attack Jonathan, as well as Lucy’s transformation and the â€Å"masculine aggressiveness† represented by Mina’s capabilities. The men in the novel are established as representatives of a patriarchal society, but it is the authoritative presence of Van Helsing that is primarily used both to advocate a return to a patriarchal system, and to refeminize women through either denial of their abilities or by repeated insistence that they are objects of chivalric concern. The text is replete with examples where female identity is transformed. This is accomplished through a variety of methods that are, like the vampiric taint from the mixing of blood, interrelated. For example, Mina is transformed into an object of idealization and chivalric concern, and as a result of this â€Å"protection,† she is also attacked by Dracula and emotionally altered as a result of her exclusion – both of which occur precisely because the men remove her from their counsel and leave her unattended. The text is used to show that these women – in a sense â€Å"new women† representatives – are dangerous and in need of â€Å"correction,† which occurs in the novel through punishment, including death and destruction, and the denial of authority. The sexual aspects of the New Woman are vilified through association with the monstrosity of vampirism, and what vilifies the intellectual woman in the text is her challenge to male intellect and authority. The attack on the sexual woman begins with Jonathan’s assault by the vampire women at Castle Dracula, which then justifies the attack on Lucy when she takes over as their â€Å"modern† equivalent; since he gets no retribution against these vampire women, it is necessary in the text to have Lucy punished for her seemingly similar challenge to gender roles as a result of her potentially promiscuous behavior. The attack on the intellectual woman begins with what Johnson calls Mina’s â€Å"discourteous act† in first handing Van Helsing her shorthand diary, which he is unable to read. The sexual woman in the text is first represented by the â€Å"weird sisters† (Stoker, 80) at Castle Dracula, through both their role-reversing assault on Jonathan and their anti-maternal behavior in feeding on the â€Å"half-smothered child† given to them by Dracula when he halts their attack (Stoker, 71). These women symbolize what Griffins calls â€Å"the worst nightmare and dearest fantasy of the Victorian male: the pure girl turned sexually ravenous beast† (Stoker, 143), with these vampire women being classified as frightening — and by extension, all modern or sexual women ~ in part due to the emotional confusion they create in men. Although they are described by Jonathan as â€Å"ladies by their dress and manner† (Stoker, 68), having â€Å"brilliant white teeth, that shone like pearls† and â€Å"a silvery, musical laugh† (Stoker, 69), their effect on Jonathan is described, through his own reporting, to make him uneasy (69) due to their â€Å"deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive† and his reaction that he â€Å"felt in my heart a wicked, burning desire that they would kiss me† (Stoker, 69). Interpreting Jonathan’s mixed emotions as resulting from a fear of an inability to sexually handle three women presents an interesting parallel later with Lucy, who wistfully speaks of being able to marry three men (Stoker, 91). By presenting women’s sexuality as aberrant and monstrous rationalizes the violence that is utilized in destroying Lucy and the vampire women, and the text is therefore suggesting, through this vampiric taint, that all sexual women are dangerous and need to be destroyed. It is this destruction, in addition to physical death, that sends the message that there is no redemption for â€Å"new women†. Seward’s diary records the event that lets Lucy â€Å"take her place with the other Angels† (253): â€Å"The Thing in the coffin writhed †¦ the sharp white teeth champed together till the lips were cut, and the mouth was smeared with a crimson foam. But Arthur †¦ [drove] deeper and deeper the mercy-bearing stake, whilst the blood from the pierced heart welled and spurted up around it† (Stoker, 254). Similarly, Van Helsing records â€Å"the horrid screeching as the stake drove home; the plunging of writhing form, and lips of bloody foam† as he â€Å"restore[s] these [vampire] women to their dead selves† (Stoker, 412). From the beginning of the novel Mina is presented as different from the vampire women, signifying that the woman who challenges gender roles through her intellect is different from the sexual woman. Jonathan’s journal distinguishes her from the â€Å"awful† vampire women: â€Å"Mina is a woman, and there is nought in common [with the vampire women]. They are devils of the Pit! † (Stoker, 85). Once the sexual woman has been dispensed of through Lucy’s death, the text then attacks the intellectual woman through Mina; and it is not until the former is eradicated that Mina’s talents are presented as dangerous or threatening. Although Charles Prescott and Grace Giorgio opine: â€Å"Lucy’s transformation and destruction function as cautionary examples for Mina. She learns not only that vampires and transgression must be brutally brought into line but also what can happen to anyone outside the Victorian codes of normalcy† (Stoker, 151), it is only after she is stripped of the ability to use her intellect, as she is silenced by Van Helsing and excluded through the presumably chivalric protection of the men, that she becomes sexual. Descriptions of violence against women – a retribution for their challenge to gender roles – serve to impart the message that there is no redemption for femininity, that despite any atonement or transformation, their transgressions are considered so heinous that they must be destroyed. Interestingly, the eradication of Dracula, described merely as his â€Å"crumbl[ing] into dust and pass[ing] from †¦ sight† (Stoker, 418), without the brutality that is levied against the female vampires, serves as proof that the destruction previously described is in reprisal for the female transgression of gender codes, and not a necessity in ending the threat of vampirism. Works Cited Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Ed. Glennis Byron. Ontario: Broadview Literary P, 2000 Kline, Salli J. The Degeneration of Women: Bram Stoker’s Dracula as Allegorical Criticism of the Fin de Siecle. Rheinbach-Merzbach: CMZ-Verlag, 1992

Free Essays on Stepping Motor

Construction Stepping motors are electromagnetic, rotary, incremental devices which convert digital pulses into mechanical rotation. The amount of rotation is directly proportional to the number of pulses and the speed of rotation is relative to the frequency of those pulses. Stepping motors are simple to drive in an open loop Static or holding torque - displacement characteristic The characteristic of static (holding) torque - displacement is best explained using an electro-magnet and a single pole rotor (fig. 12). In the example the electro-magnet represents the motor stator and is energized with it's north pole facing the rotor Figure 12 Curve illustrating static torque verses rotor position Assuming there are no frictional or static loads on the rotor, fig. 11 illustrates how the restoring torque varies with rotor position as it is deflected from it's stable point. As the rotor moves away from it's stable position, the torque steadily increases until it reaches a maximum. This maximum value is called the holding torque and represents the maximum load that can be applied to the shaft without causing continuous rotation. If, the shaft is deflected beyond this point, the torque will fall until it is again at zero. However, this zero point is unstable and the torque reverses immediately beyond it back to the stable point. A pendulum (fig. 13) can also be used to demonstrate the effects we observe. Figure 13 Pendulum effect of static torque verses rotor position Depending on the number of phases, the cycle in figures 11 and 12 would be equivalent to the following number of full steps: 2 phase 4 steps 3 phase 6 steps 5 phase 10 steps The torque required to deflect the shaft by a given angle can be calculated using the formula: Although this static torque characteristic is not a great deal of use on it's own, it does explain some of the effects we observe. For example, it dictates ... Free Essays on Stepping Motor Free Essays on Stepping Motor Construction Stepping motors are electromagnetic, rotary, incremental devices which convert digital pulses into mechanical rotation. The amount of rotation is directly proportional to the number of pulses and the speed of rotation is relative to the frequency of those pulses. Stepping motors are simple to drive in an open loop Static or holding torque - displacement characteristic The characteristic of static (holding) torque - displacement is best explained using an electro-magnet and a single pole rotor (fig. 12). In the example the electro-magnet represents the motor stator and is energized with it's north pole facing the rotor Figure 12 Curve illustrating static torque verses rotor position Assuming there are no frictional or static loads on the rotor, fig. 11 illustrates how the restoring torque varies with rotor position as it is deflected from it's stable point. As the rotor moves away from it's stable position, the torque steadily increases until it reaches a maximum. This maximum value is called the holding torque and represents the maximum load that can be applied to the shaft without causing continuous rotation. If, the shaft is deflected beyond this point, the torque will fall until it is again at zero. However, this zero point is unstable and the torque reverses immediately beyond it back to the stable point. A pendulum (fig. 13) can also be used to demonstrate the effects we observe. Figure 13 Pendulum effect of static torque verses rotor position Depending on the number of phases, the cycle in figures 11 and 12 would be equivalent to the following number of full steps: 2 phase 4 steps 3 phase 6 steps 5 phase 10 steps The torque required to deflect the shaft by a given angle can be calculated using the formula: Although this static torque characteristic is not a great deal of use on it's own, it does explain some of the effects we observe. For example, it dictates ...

How to Create a Resume When You Switch Jobs Constantly

How to Create a Resume When You Switch Jobs Constantly You job hopped. There’s no shame in that. You surely had your reasons. And even if you didn’t, that period of leapfrogging from one position to another in the span of a few months or years doesn’t have to haunt the rest of your career. Job hopping these days isn’t considered as much of a no-no. Some companies even look out specifically for candidates who seem willing to try new things, gain out-of-the-box experiences, really expand their skill sets to be versatile and multi-faceted. After all, you’ve got a breadth of expertise and a range that few of your fellow job seekers can boast. Use this to your advantage as often as you can- make it a bonus on a resume, not something to hide. Here’s now.Prove Your Know What You’re DoingYour biggest concern is probably appearing reliable enough for the rest of the companies out there to take you seriously. The last thing you want to do is have your otherwise stellar application disregarded (even after a stellar interview) for being a flight risk. There will be hiring managers and employers who be scrutinizing you for this- and plenty of risk-averse HR folks that will go with the steady and sure bet every time. Remember, they’re looking for people who have risen through the ranks- or been promoted at every company they’ve worked for. And that’s hard to do when you’re not around long enough for promotion or review at most of the companies you’ve worked for. They’re biggest worry is of course that you will bail after a few months or a year or two and they will have to scramble to fill your spot.What can you do to keep yourself in the game when multiple-year stints of experience appear to be a prerequisite for hiring? Lots. If you’re applying to a company that isn’t into job hoppers on principle, there are plenty of ways you can tone down the job hopping on your resume and play up the skills you’ve gained in your ch eckered work history (instead of simply itemizing the checkered parts).Make skills the focus.Abandon the traditional chronological format. If you’re far from traditional, doing â€Å"the norm† can  hurt you. Opt instead for a hybrid resume, which crams your chronological work history at the bottom of your resume, and highlights your skillset up front.Pimp out your heading or summary statement by choosing a handful of your best assets and skills to highlight, drawing on your full experience base. List your accomplishments. Show how you’ve excelled. Paint a picture that will convince any hiring manager that you would be an asset to them- purely based on what you can do. You can list the company where you acquired that skill or nailed that achievement in brackets at the end of every bullet. That way, the recruiter sees the companies you’ve worked for and the skills you’ve gained first, before seeing how little time you spent at each.It’s also totally kosher to say you have â€Å"X years experience as Y,† provided you do. They don’t need to know yet that that experience was gathered across five jobs in as many years. What’s important is to emphasize the experience itself. You can spend the interview convincing them that the hopping makes your experience even more valuable as you’ve deployed your expertise in a wider variety of situations and come across a wider range of applications and other ways to prove your mettle.Talk  about what you want  now.Remember that what you want the person reading your resume to take away from it is that you are not a flight risk. Try including a line in your summary statement about how you’re looking for a long-term position with opportunities for growth, or for a position at a company that will allow you to be challenged and grow and help the company to grow as well. Make it clear wherever you left a position involuntarily (unless, of course, you wer e fired)- i.e. if there were layoffs or restructuring, or a company went under. This can show that you didn’t leave every job for a better title or a bigger paycheck and can go a long way towards showing that you aren’t incapable of loyalty.Bonus points if you can show how you made a lasting contribution to the company- even if you weren’t there all that long. If you have a lot of this to boast about, consider including an entire section of your resume dedicated to â€Å"accomplishments,† and making sure to focus this section on ways in which your accomplishments contributed to the company, not just accolades you earned for yourself. The trick is to show you can be a team player and a â€Å"company man† here.Don’t include everything.You don’t have to. If you worked one gig for only a month or two between longer stints- unless that company taught you something or gave you a skill or experience you need to sell yourself for this job, yo u can always leave that one out. It’s also totally fair to omit jobs that aren’t immediately relevant to the job title you’re applying for with this particular resume. Unfortunately, as a job hopper, you’ll have to do even more work than everybody else when tailoring your documents to each position you apply for, but the time and effort you spend tinkering will certainly pay off.Also, feel free to combine jobs into composite jobs. Did you spend a solid 3-5 years doing more or less the same thing, just at different companies? Contracting, perhaps? Freelancing or working in fields where work tends to ebb and flow? No worries! Group them all together under one general job header or composite position title. You did have that solid chunk of experience†¦ it just wasn’t all at one company. No need to be penalized for this.Deal with your gaps.If you have any big gaps in your work history, there are ways around this too. One trick is to eliminate the months from your dates of employment at each company. That way, you won’t have to explain those 2-8 months where you weren’t working- unless it comes up in the interview. But if you have a gap you feel you need to address, just be honest about how you spent that time. Even if you weren’t â€Å"working† or getting paid, you still might have been accumulating valuable skills or experience related to the jobs you are applying for. Any special projects, continuing education, volunteer or community work, consulting, or apprenticeships are relevant and can even score you bonus points.And if you’re just coming back to the workforce after a prolonged absence- for personal, professional, or family reasons- just be honest there too. Don’t feel the need to apologize. You did what was best for you and your family. There is zero shame in that. Keep your attitude positive and focus instead on showing how you’ve kept up-to-date with your industry wh ile you were out of the game. Hint: a good social media and LinkedIn presence with lots of industry engagement can go a long way here. Having a strong personal brand shows that you haven’t just been slacking in your â€Å"time off,† but always striving to be as polished, current, and professional as possible- even when technically unemployed. This can also help you to make a good first impression as a person, not just a chronological list of job titles held.Don’t neglect your cover letter.Perhaps your biggest trick in compensating for job-hopping or work history gaps in your resume is to make sure to accompany your document with a truly kick-ass cover letter. Make sure you stand out from the crowd. Be honest about your situation, but use the space you have to craft a narrative. Show them that they have no reason to fear. You’re no flight risk. You’re just a talented, experienced candidate ready and eager for the right opportunity at the right compa ny to get stuck in and make your biggest contribution yet. Show you’re in it for the long haul by mentioning a few reasons why that company appeals to you so much. Show how you complete each other!The overarching takeaway here is that you need to do a bit of storytelling. Spin your resume and cover letter to take a negative into an overwhelming positive. Make it part of your cachet and your personal brand. Tell a story about yourself that ties all of your disparate and wide-ranging experience together into one neat bundle that screams: hire me. Then head into the interview with the confidence that you are actually a catch, despite whatever fears HR might have given your non-traditional career path. Remember: use the cover letter to finesse the resume.Tweak the resume to sell your strengths so hard that your â€Å"weaknesses† are more difficult to spot. Then spin the whole thing into a convincing tale of you being the perfect fit. Use the interview to answer any remaini ng questions with the true conviction of knowing that what you offer- while perhaps not what they were expecting, at least on paper- is just exactly and absolutely what they need. And go land that job!And remember, you still need to  edit and finetune your resume as you normally would. Here are some additional tips for creating your resume that are absolutely crucial in getting your foot in the door.

IT Project Management and group activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT Project Management and group activity - Essay Example Performance-centric approach of the senior management enabled the team to identify associated bottlenecks in the operational environment. Teamwork acts as a positive influence on creativity, productive synergies, independent and collective decision making, strategic concept development and organizational culture and leadership. These positive changes were noticed in good measure during the duration of the project and the subsequent learning outcomes delineated the success parameters of each task according to the guidelines. Diverse skills of team members were utilized in their respective areas of specialty thus leading to all benefits associated with the clear division of labor. The project plan was initiated with clearly defined targets and phases of activity that were put through the whole process with well balanced steps. Team leadership was particularly impressive in establishing a close rapport with team members whose contribution was measured in relation to a set of motivation factors. Though some positive synergies were recorded through this process, there were some shortcomings as well. For instance being mobile from one place to the other during the week entailed a lot of time waste in sending multiple e-mails and a rise costs. Further team leader’s instructions weren’t received by all team members in the same manner and as result there were some discrepancies in performance. However, overall success of the project cannot be denied due to its proper

Teamwork. Organization Structure and Design, and Organisation Culture Essay

Teamwork. Organization Structure and Design, and Organisation Culture - Essay Example 3). Employees have a lot of impact on the tendency of an organization to be innovative and competitive (Bakker and Schaufeli, 2009, p. 147) which imparts need for the leaders to keep the employees motivated. Different organizations have different strategies of developing teamwork and also have different organization structures and designs, and organizational cultures. Factors that control these elements include but are not limited to the nature and scope of business, and the socioeconomic and political conditions prevalent in the areas where the business is established. There is no hard and fast rule which can be applied to all organizations. While there are numerous theories of teamwork, organization structure and design, and organizational culture, yet they have to be customized to suit the individualistic needs of different organizations. This paper draws a comparison and contrast between the teamwork, organization structure and design, and organizational culture of two organizati ons; Biogenia and Sleepeasy. Comparison of approaches to teamwork and teamworking Teamwork is the work accomplished by interdependent employees in a group to achieve a goal of mutual concern (Parker and Wall, 1998). Teamwork encourages employees to collaborate with one another (Salas and Gelfand, 2012) and allows employees to be more included in the decision-making process (Mat and Razak, n.d., p. 218). Teamwork is essential to the success of both non-profit and profit-oriented organizations (Rapur and Rapur, n.d.). â€Å"As â€Å"no man is an island,† the positive effects of productive teamwork can energize an entire organization, just as the negative effects of a lack of teamwork can cripple an organization† (Slechta, n.d.). Biogenia places a lot of emphasis on the development of teamwork among the employees. This is achieved by interchanging their roles which is an essential component of teamwork (Griffin, Patterson, and West, 2001, p. 537; Tannenbaum et al, 1996). This has a two-way effect on the employees that increases their tendency to be better team members. Firstly, every employee gets an opportunity to work in a different position for some time during which, the employee gains exposure to the job responsibilities associated with that position so that whenever required, other employees can be invited to do certain tasks that are different from the tasks they normally do in their respective positions. This provides Biogenia to incorporate multi-tasking in its employees which in the long run is in the best interest of Biogenia as well as its employees as they would be equipped with diverse experiences. â€Å"Moving to multi-skilled teams will alter the range and style of working† (Acas, n.d.). Secondly, when an employee gets to work in some other position for some time, it enables that employee to gain an insight into the potential issues and challenges encountered by the employee who regularly serves in that position. This not only increases the employees’ knowledge of the challenges faced by all departments of the organization, but also increases their tendency to cooperate with employees from other departments in the hour of need as they know that the cause is genuine as they personally had had an opportunity to experience the issues while they served in other departments for some time. â€Å"To perform the task better, individuals depend on knowledge from other units or departments†

Major Theories of Crime Causation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major Theories of Crime Causation - Essay Example These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. Over the years, theorists and researchers have engaged their minds in trying to find answers and possibly cab the high level of crime that the world faces today (Siegel, 2010). Many of the theories developed give varying analytical statistics on the causes that lead people to commit crimes; right from common crimes to high profile criminal offenses; this study aims at discussing two theories, one from choice theories and the other from trait theories. Throughout the discussion, details will be given in support of why crimes according to the two theories under study. The study and practice of criminology investigates matters regarding crime causation and the aspects that influence unlawful delinquency. There are various theories under the umbrella of choice theories of crime, which explain factors that highly influence or cause people, to engage in criminal activities. These theories rely on l ogin while trying to elucidate why an individual commits a crime and whether the criminal act emanates from lucid decision, interior tendency or peripheral traits. These theories influence how the law and the judicial system is structured and the functions entitled to it. Rational theory Under the choice theory, it is important to discuss the rational theory and its contribution in understanding the causes of crime among individuals in the society. Regarding the trait theory, oppositional defiant disorder as a theory of interest will answer the most underpinning questions regarding cause of crime. The rational choice theory undertakes a practical conviction, which affirms that man is an intellectual personality who examines resources and ends, comprising expenses and profits after which an individual makes a coherent choice. Developed by Cornish, this theory aimed at assisting the thoughts about situational crime prevention. In view of this theory, an assumption is made which relays that crime is a purposive conduct created or designed to meet the reprobate`s commonplace needs; money, status, sex, and excitement. Meeting these necessities encompasses the making of elementary conclusions and choices. Key elements in this theory reveal various critical issues important for understanding the causes of crime. Studies indicate that this theory relates to the previous drift theory; people employ techniques of counterbalancing to drift in and out of delinquent behavior. Further still, there is a proposal that failure by families and extended kin groups has the effect of expanding the realm of relationships that are not under the control of the community. Thus, this further undermines governmental controls, which leads to persistent systematic crime and delinquency. Such kind of ineptitude causes and stresses social customs and social struggles, which sustain disruptive activity (Cullen, 2010). Concerning this theory, for a misconduct to transpire, three essentials mu st be available; an inspired lawbreaker, an obtainable and appropriate target, and no power figure to impede the offense from taking place. The theory relates the pattern of offending to daily patterns of social interaction; where in the 1980s, women left homes to work and tis led to social disintegration. This was a repetitive of parting families unattended and with lack of authority character augmented probabilities of unlawful activity. The theory has key assumptions that relate to the offender and crimes, where the offender sees himself or herself as individual. Thus, persons have to exploit their objectives since they are self-centered. In many occasions, offenders think about themselves and they only

The Cost of Coronary Heart Disease to Society Essay Example for Free

The Cost of Coronary Heart Disease to Society Essay â€Å"Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD), is when the vessels supplying blood and oxygen to your heart become narrow or constrictedâ‘ ºÃ¢â‚¬  The main causes are: Smoking cigarettes Cigarette smoking is a major cause of strokes. High blood pressure Can put strain on your heart and can lead to CHD. High cholesterol levels Cholesterol is essential for healthy cells, but if there is too much in the blood it can lead to CHD. Unhealthy diet A bad diet can lead to diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and uncontrolled weight. Each of these factors independently contribute to a high risk of heart disease. Physical inactivity Regular physical activity decreases the risk of coronary artery disease because it makes the coronary arteries wider and more flexible. Alcohol consumption Raises blood pressure; puts more pressure on arteries. Obesity Reduces HDL cholesterol which enable lipids to be transported within the water-based bloodstream. The cost of coronary heart disease to society cannot be viewed in terms of just money, but also the loss of 166,000 lives every year, this figure is the number of people who died of coronary heart disease in 1961 in the UK. The figure in 1997 however had fallen to 140,500. In 2000, this figure had fallen still to 125,000, and in 2010 more than 65,000 people died from coronary heart disease; more than for any other diseaseâ‘ ¹. The total direct healthcare costs of coronary heart disease in 1999 came to  £1.73 billion. The major costs were those used for hospital inpatient care, which accounted for  £917 million (or 53% of the total) and drug treatment, which accounted for  £558 million (or 32% of the total). Rehabilitation and community care, prevention and primary care, accident and emergency (AE) and outpatient care accounted for 7.4%, 3.6%, and 2.9%, respectively, of total direct costs. People aged 65 years and above and men utilised 63% and 52% of total expenditure, respectivelyâ‘ ´. In 2006, coronary heart disease cost the UK NHS approximately  £3.2 billion, this represents a cost per capita of just over  £50 for each condition. The cost of hospital care for people who have coronary heart diseases accounts for about 73% of these costsâ‘ µ. The hospital costs for stroke account for 94% of the total health care costsâ‘ ¶. In 2006 the total cost of coronary heart disease to the UK economy was approximately  £9.0 billionâ‘ ¸. Some patients with coronary heart disease will be referred for cardiac rehabilitation, particularly following bypass surgery or if they have experienced angina or a heart attack. The rehabilitation may consist of an exercise plan to help regain stamina safely based on individual ability and needs, and education, counseling, and training. Training may include ways to better manage stress, as well as how to manage other lifestyle factors that contribute to coronary heart disease. An estimated 401 000 people provided informal care to coronary heart disease patients in the UK and about 408 million hours were used to care for them. Informal care of coronary heart disease sufferers was estimated to cost  £2.42 billionâ‘ ´. About 150 565 working years were lost from deaths from coronary heart disease in England and Wales; 71% of these working years lost were from deaths in men in the 45–64 year age rangeâ‘ ´. There were 65.4 million working days lost because of incapacity resulting from coronary heart disease in the UK. In 2004, the average length of stay for an individual entering the hospital for CHD complications was 4.3 daysâ‘ ´. To the UK population, an estimated 765 000 men and 698 000 women had experienced a coronary heart disease event in the past year, with those aged 55 and above accounting for 88% of cases, also to the UK population, an estimated 1.42 million men and 1.14 million women have a history of doctor diagnosed coronary heart diseaseâ‘ ·. In 2006 over 2.2 million people were living with CHD; 1.3 million men and 860,000 womenâ‘ ¸. The mortality cost of coronary heart disease in the UK was estimated to be about  £1.81 billion (of which  £1.68 billion can be attributed to men and  £0.123 billion to women)â‘ ´. The total cost of illness associated with coronary heart disease in the UK is  £7.06 billion per yearâ‘ ·. CHD, by itself, is the most common cause of premature death in the UK. About one fifth (18%) of premature deaths in men and one in ten (9%) premature deaths in women from CHD, which caused over 28,000 premature deaths in the UK in 2008â‘ ¶. Rates of CHD are higher in men than in women and rates increase with age. However CHD is also a major cause of premature (under 75) deaths. In 2010, there were over 21,000 premature deaths from CHD in Englandâ‘ ¸. CHD rates are not distributed evenly around England. Death rates are much higher in the North of England compared to the South. Premature mortality rates in the North West are about 50% higher than in the South East for men, and 60% higher for women. But CHD rates in England are lower than in the rest of the UKâ‘ ¸. Approximately 85% of those who die of coronary artery disease are age 65 or olderâ‘ ½. People that are diagnosed with coronary heart disease may feel worried or anxious about their personal well being and how this diagnosis will affect their lifestyleâ‘ ». Patients diagnosed with heart disease may experience guilty feelings. They may believe that their chosen lifestyles may have contributed to them acquiring coronary heart diseaseâ‘ ». Patients with coronary heart disease may isolate themselves socially from their friends as a result of side effects of their medications or symptoms of their disease, such as fatigueâ‘ ». Depression is a condition that patients with coronary heart disease may experience. This may be caused by a variety of reasons. They may become less motivated and less functional in their roles in life; achieving goals and getting jobsâ‘ ». Depression is strongly correlated with the presence of angina within a patients with coronary heart disease. Also patients with physical health problems such as coronary heart disease often have worse quality of lifeâ‘ ¼. In conclusion, the cost of coronary heart disease to society are the mass amount of people lost to this disease every year, the pain that the relatives and friends endure and the economic burden from the cost of all the healthcare and time invested to help those in need.

Life of a Slave on the Plantation Essay -- History Slaves African Amer

Life of a Slave on the Plantation African slavery started at the 16th century and ended in the 19th century. Slave life was the most brutal and disrespected period of America. When Africans first stepped foot on the slave ships coming to America things were bad. The white man beat, raped, and treated the black men like animals. Life on the plantation wasn’t any better. The slaves didn’t work for a paycheck, they worked for their lives. The black man had difficulties adapting to the environment, learning another language, and being a monogamous. Most slaves came from the West African region. Disease, frailty and brutality, played a heavy part on of slaves dying on the ships. The slave ships landed in Maryland, Virginia, or Carolina. Once the slaves reached land they had to adjust to the environment in America. Adapting to the new country meant: Europeans and Africans would encounter varieties of microorganisms foreign to them and would bring with them varieties that were new to America. So with red, white, and black men merging in this place, their bodies would have to make adjustments. (Nathan Irvin 58) Europeans had trouble adapting to the shorelines. The Africans were amused by the illness of the Europeans. African immigrant wasn’t as vulnerable to the shoreline, because they were adapted to the shorelines in West Africa. They were most vulnerable to the malaria parasite. In time, they adapted to the parasite. Even though the African had some defenses, their body developed the sickle cell trait. Other fatal diseases were yellow fever, which is carried by mosquito and smallpox, a contagious disease carried by a human host. All white and black newcomers had to adapt to the new microorganisms coming into the country. It was hard to make medicine for the slaves, because they didn’t have the same herbs or plants in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communication was a necessary tool between the Africans and the Europeans. To increase communications and reduce confusion, a language called linguae francae was developed. This is a blend of Portuguese, French and English. The slave owners and traders mixed the African tribes. The mixture of tongues helped make a new language. Children found it easy to mouth new sounds for old meanings. Older Africans were concerned that they were not being understood while trying to communicate in the new language. Some settlers didn... ... a dirt floor or a wooden floor with cold air seeping through the cracks. Cabins usually had three to eight people living in one room. School life for the slaves was forbidden. The classes usually took place in an abandon one-room building or a church. The children sat on either benches or a log. They didn’t learn off of any blackboard or maps. Students learned how to write and read out of the New England Primer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Conclusion, the punishment of black slaves was no joke. To me there is nothing that the white man can say to me or give to me to make up for the brutality of my ancestors. Today we do not appreciate our freedom, we take advantage of it. If the white man took our freedom away only a small percent of us will survive. To me slavery was pure evil. Slavery was the cause of the Civil War deaths. America was built on the blood sweat and tears of slavery. If the white man didn’t have our help to raise their daughter or son they wouldn’t have survive. When the white man says today black man society is lazy. I think to myself about how my ancestors help raise their kids. How slaves were in their fields picking their cotton, feeding their kids and doing their housework.

Frankenstein and the monster Essay

â€Å"How far should we feel pity for both Frankenstein and the monster? † Essay By looking carefully at the arguments both for and against feeling pity for Frankenstein and his monster, it is easy to see that we should feel much pity for both. The â€Å"monster† was brought to life on a dark night and thrown into unwittingly into the wide world; a world in which he was forced into solitude due to the neglect of his creator and the rejection of all who saw him. For the whole of his life he was spurned by all who lay eyes on his skin-deep ugliness because their judging minds could not see the person who lay beneath. According to the monster, as he tells Frankenstein whilst talking to him, â€Å"You must create a female for me with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being†. All he wanted was a small amount of love and affection from anyone or anything. This shows he has some human feelings and makes the reader empathise with what Frankenstein’s monster has to cope with. The constant rejection the monster receives in the end drives him, the reader believes, to make the ultimate sacrifice, to stop the pain that tears through his body; he wanders off into the snow, where the reader thinks he commits suicide. This ends the suffering and enables him to rest easy for first time since his birth. Others may disagree and say that Frankenstein’s monster was created from the body parts of criminals and therefore could be nothing but evil himself. Using the murders he commits this point could perhaps be justified. The monster kills the completely innocent William and effectively kills Justine as well, by cruelly framing her for his murderous deed. As we find out in the monster’s story he now thought that â€Å"From hence forth, evil be thou my good. â€Å", showing him as nothing but wicked. Furthermore he later murders Frankenstein’s father, before utterly destroying Frankenstein’s last chance of happiness, killing his wife Elizabeth on their wedding night. Having had everything stolen from him, Frankenstein enters a state of despair, where the only thing he has to live for is the need to destroy his creation. The monster had done no good in his life, only ruined Frankenstein’s. Then in an act of running away from all he had done and giving up because the death of his creator gave him nothing else to live for, he took his own life. The conclusion you could then reach from everything he did, is that he therefore deserves no pity from anyone. Though these are completely valid points, there is a different way to look at it. The terrible things the monster did were brought on by the neglect and rejection he suffered, and not being allowed to have someone to love and care for. These are all things humans cannot deal with, making the reader feel more pity because of what he was driven to and the human needs and emotions he shows.